Certainly! Let's analyze the specific heat values given in the chart step by step to answer the questions. The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.
### 1. Which material has the highest specific heat?
To determine the material with the highest specific heat, we compare the values given for each material:
- Aluminum: 0.90 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Iron: 0.44 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Lead: 0.16 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Sand: 0.83 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Steel: 0.49 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Wood: 1.80 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Water: 4.18 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
The highest value is 4.18 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex], which corresponds to water.
Answer: The material with the highest specific heat is water.
### 2. Which material has the lowest specific heat?
To find the material with the lowest specific heat, we again compare the values:
- Aluminum: 0.90 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Iron: 0.44 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Lead: 0.16 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Sand: 0.83 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Steel: 0.49 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Wood: 1.80 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Water: 4.18 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
The lowest value is 0.16 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex], which corresponds to lead.
Answer: The material with the lowest specific heat is lead.
### 3. Which material has the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum when placed in the same environment of mass and temperature?
First, let’s determine the specific heat that is twice that of aluminum:
[tex]\[ \text{Specific heat of aluminum} = 0.90 \, J/g^{\circ}C \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Twice the specific heat of aluminum} = 2 \times 0.90 = 1.80 \, J/g^{\circ}C \][/tex]
Now, comparing this value to the specific heats of the materials:
- Aluminum: 0.90 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Iron: 0.44 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Lead: 0.16 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Sand: 0.83 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Steel: 0.49 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Wood: 1.80 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
- Water: 4.18 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex]
The material with a specific heat equal to 1.80 [tex]\( J/g^{\circ}C \)[/tex] is wood.
Answer: The material that has the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum when placed in the same environment of mass and temperature is wood.
