Answer :

Final answer:

The ryoti system disadvantaged cultivators through taxation burdens, financial losses, and competition with more privileged farmers.


Explanation:

The ryoti system was disadvantageous for the cultivators in several ways:

  1. Taxation burden: Peasants had to pay taxes even in years of poor yield, unlike the previous system where they might have been exempt during droughts.
  2. Financial losses: Small farmers faced annual per capita losses, while larger landowners reaped significant profits, widening the economic gap.
  3. Competition and inequality: Small-scale farmers had to compete for resources with more privileged agriculturists, hindering their access to credit and irrigation facilities.

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