Final answer:
Hardness, malleability, ductility, and tensile strength are key mechanical properties that determine a material's resistance to deformation and fracture.
Explanation:
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist abrasion or scratching. It is determined using the Mohs' scale of mineral hardness, which measures relative relationships between different minerals and is qualitative in nature. For example, a material with a high hardness value on the Mohs scale will be more resistant to abrasion.
Additionally, two mechanical properties common in metals are malleability and ductility. Malleability refers to a material's ability to be compressed without breaking, while ductility relates to its capacity to be stretched without fracturing. These properties allow metals to be formed into wires or shapes without breaking easily.
Tensile strength is another important mechanical property, representing the stress level that leads to permanent deformation or fracture of a material. This property is crucial in understanding a material's ability to withstand applied forces without breaking.
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