Ready - Science - Zachary O. Smith

An average pumpkin weighs between 10 and 20 pounds. Those that win giant pumpkin contests weigh up to 1,000 pounds. Growers state that soil, fertilizer (N-P-K: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) ratio, watering schedule, and fertilizer type are the main factors that lead to success in growing giant pumpkins.

The table below shows an experimental design that compares three methods of growing a giant pumpkin.
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & Method 1 & Method 2 & Method 3 \\
\hline Seed & Type A & Type A & Type A \\
\hline Watering schedule & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{every other day until soil is moist} \\
\hline \begin{tabular}{l}
Soil fertilized with \\
manure before \\
planting
\end{tabular} & yes & yes & yes \\
\hline \begin{tabular}{l}
Fertilizer \\
[tex]$N - P - K$[/tex] ratio
\end{tabular} & [tex]$16-4-3$[/tex] & [tex]$18-24-6$[/tex] & [tex]$10-10-10$[/tex] \\
\hline \begin{tabular}{l}
Fertilizer \\
type
\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l}
liquid, \\
premixed
\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l}
granular, \\
slow release
\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}{l}
water soluble, \\
not premixed
\end{tabular} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Which statement describes a solution for the error in the experiment?

A. Manure should not be used.
B. Fertilizer should not be used.
C. A single fertilizer type should be used.
D. Different types of seeds could be used.



Answer :

Let's examine the experimental setup carefully to identify any potential errors and determine an adequate solution.

1. Seed Type:
- Methods 1, 2, and 3 all use "Type A". This ensures consistency in the type of seed used and can be ruled out as a source of error.

2. Watering Schedule:
- All three methods use the same watering schedule: "every other day until soil is moist". This consistency means the watering schedule is not the error.

3. Soil Fertilized with Manure Before Planting:
- All methods include the use of manure before planting, as indicated by "yes" for all methods. Therefore, this variable is controlled and cannot be the source of the discrepancy.

4. Fertilizer N-P-K Ratio:
- Method 1: 16-4-3
- Method 2: 18-24-6
- Method 3: 10-10-10
- The different ratios indicate a varying nutrient composition provided to the plants in each method, which could influence growth results differently.

5. Fertilizer Type:
- Method 1: liquid, premixed
- Method 2: granular, slow release
- Method 3: water soluble, net premixed
- The types of fertilizers used are different in each method, which introduces another variable that can affect the outcome.

Given these observations, the error stems from the inconsistency in fertilizer types and N-P-K ratios used across the different methods. To ensure the results are reliable and the only variable is the fertilizer type, a single consistent fertilizer type should be used.

Thus, the correct statement that describes a solution to the error in the experiment is:
C. A single fertilizer type should be used.

Therefore, the answer is:
3