Final answer:
The Romans established a republican form of government in 509 BCE after overthrowing the Etruscan king, marking the transition from a monarchy to the Roman Republic.
Explanation:
The Romans established a republican form of government in 509 BCE after overthrowing the Etruscan king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. This transition marked the end of the Roman monarchy and the beginning of the Roman Republic. Under this new system, the Romans were governed by annually elected magistrates like consuls and a ruling body known as the Senate.
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