Final answer:
Galileo Galilei discovered the moons of Jupiter, which challenged Aristotle's geocentric theory.
Explanation:
Galileo Galilei discovered the moons of Jupiter in 1609. These moons, known as the Galilean Moons, are named Io, Europa, Calisto, and Ganymede. This discovery challenged Aristotle's geocentric theory by demonstrating that celestial objects do not have to revolve around the Earth.
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