Ancient citadels often served as fortresses for defense, bitumen was used in ancient water systems, and pictographic carvings decorated Egyptian structures.
Citadel: In ancient times, a citadel was a fortress typically located in a strategic location for defense.
Bitumen: Bitumen-coated conduits were discovered in archaeological excavations, indicating the use of bitumen for water flow systems.
Pictographic: Hieroglyphic and pictorial carvings were extensively used in ancient Egyptian structures as decorative elements.
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