Final answer:
Ancient methods and scholars like Ussher, Eratosthenes, Tycho Brahe, and Johannes Kepler played crucial roles in measuring the Earth's antiquity and characteristics.
Explanation:
Archbishop James Ussher calculated the age of the Earth to be 6004 BP based on biblical genealogies and historical dates.
Ancient Greeks like Eratosthenes accurately measured the size of the Earth and Moon along with the distance between them.
Later in the 17th century, scientists like Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler used trigonometry to measure the angle of the Earth's axis.
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