Ships, aquaculture, and marine debris are vital mechanisms for introducing invasive species into new ecosystems.
Ships, specifically through ballast water and hull biofouling, are significant mechanisms responsible for carrying invasive species into new ecosystems. Other important vectors include aquaculture and marine debris, such as plastic and styrofoam, which can alter natural dispersal patterns. Introductions of alien seaweeds are rising due to global trade activities, both intentional (aquaculture) and accidental (hull attachment).
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