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Which is the noble-gas notation for lead (Pb)?

A. [Rn] [tex]\( 6s^2 \, 4f^{14} \, 5d^{10} \, 6p^2 \)[/tex]
B. [Rn] [tex]\( 6s^2 \, 5d^{10} \, 6p^2 \)[/tex]
C. [Xe] [tex]\( 6s^2 \, 4f^{14} \, 5d^{10} \, 6p^2 \)[/tex]
D. [Xe] [tex]\( 6s^2 \, 5d^{10} \, 6p^2 \)[/tex]



Answer :

GinnyAnswer
To determine the noble-gas notation for lead (Pb), we need to understand the electron configuration for lead and its relationship to the noble gas preceding it. Lead has an atomic number of 82, which means it has 82 electrons.

1. Identify the preceding noble gas for lead:
The noble gas preceding lead in the periodic table is xenon (Xe), which has an atomic number of 54.

2. Electronic configuration up to xenon (Xe):
Xenon (Xe) has the configuration: [tex]\([Xe]4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^2 6p^6\)[/tex].

3. Determine remaining configuration after xenon:
After xenon, we fill the next electrons corresponding to the necessary orbitals to reach the total of 82 electrons for lead. The remaining 28 electrons are configured as follows:
- [tex]\(6s^2\)[/tex]: the 6s orbital is filled with 2 electrons.
- [tex]\(4f^{14}\)[/tex]: the 4f orbital is filled with 14 electrons.
- [tex]\(5d^{10}\)[/tex]: the 5d orbital is filled with 10 electrons.
- [tex]\(6p^2\)[/tex]: the 6p orbital is filled with the remaining 2 electrons.

4. Combine the configuration:
Combining the filled orbitals listed above with the noble gas notation, we get the electron configuration for lead:
[tex]\([Xe]4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^2 6p^2\)[/tex].

Now we compare this configuration to the given options:

1. [tex]\[Rn\][/tex] [tex]\(6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^2\)[/tex]:
- Correctly filled with the same configuration with radon (Rn), but radon is not the immediate preceding noble gas for lead.

2. [tex]\[Rn\][/tex] [tex]\(6s^2 5d^{10} 6p^2\)[/tex]:
- Missing the [tex]\(4f^{14}\)[/tex].

3. [tex]\[Xe\][/tex] [tex]\(6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^2\)[/tex]:
- Matches the correct configuration with the preceding noble gas being xenon (Xe).

4. [tex]\[Xe\][/tex] [tex]\(6s^2 5d^{10} 6p^2\)[/tex]:
- Missing the [tex]\(4f^{14}\)[/tex].

Based on the correct electron configuration for lead, the correct noble-gas notation is:

[tex]\[ [Xe] 6s^2 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6p^2 \][/tex]

Therefore, the correct answer is option 3.

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