Secession, nullification, and the Civil War illustrate states' attempts to separate from the Union, reject federal laws, and the federal government's response.
Secession refers to the total separation of a state from the Union, leading to the state becoming independent. This concept was particularly prominent during the American Civil War when eleven southern states seceded to form the Confederate States of America, triggering a conflict over the legality and consequences of secession.
Nullification, on the other hand, involves states rejecting federal laws by asserting their right to not comply with laws they deem unconstitutional. This was exemplified by the nullification crises in the late 1700s to mid-1800s, notably illustrated by Kentucky and Virginia's resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The secession of states from the Union was met with the federal government's stance that secession was not only unconstitutional but also treasonous, ultimately leading to the declaration of war against the Confederate States to uphold the Union and the supremacy of the Constitution.
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