To determine the formal charges on the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in a given compound, we use the concept of formal charge calculation. The formal charge is determined by the formula:
[tex]\[ \text{Formal Charge} = (\text{valence electrons}) - (\text{non-bonding electrons}) - \left(\frac{\text{bonding electrons}}{2}\right) \][/tex]
Let's consider a common compound like NO (Nitric Oxide) and use this to analyze the given options.
### Step-by-Step Analysis:
1. Identify the number of valence electrons:
- Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons.
- Oxygen (O): Oxygen has 6 valence electrons.
2. Typical electron configurations in the compound NO:
- The typical Lewis structure for NO can vary, but we will consider a common one where Nitrogen forms a double bond with Oxygen while Nitrogen has one lone pair and Oxygen has two lone pairs.
3. Analyze the bonding:
- For Nitrogen (N):
- Valence electrons in N: 5
- Non-bonding electrons in N: 2 (since it has one lone pair)
- Bonding electrons in N: 6 (three bonds with O, because in a double bond each bond is counted as two electrons and we have one bond contributing two more electrons)
- For Oxygen (O):
- Valence electrons in O: 6
- Non-bonding electrons in O: 4 (since it has two lone pairs)
- Bonding electrons in O: 2 (since it shares one double bond with N)
4. Calculate the formal charges:
- For Nitrogen (N):
[tex]\[
\text{Formal Charge}_N = 5 - 2 - \left(\frac{6}{2}\right) = 5 - 2 - 3 = 0
\][/tex]
- For Oxygen (O):
[tex]\[
\text{Formal Charge}_O = 6 - 4 - \left(\frac{2}{2}\right) = 6 - 4 - 1 = 1
\][/tex]
5. Match the calculated formal charges with the given options:
- [tex]$N: 0 ; O: -1$[/tex]
- [tex]$N: +1 ; O: +1$[/tex]
- [tex]$N: -1 ; O: 0$[/tex]
- [tex]$N: +1 ; O: 0$[/tex]
- [tex]$N: -1 ; O: -1$[/tex]
6. Determining the correct configuration:
- The calculated formal charges are Nitrogen: 0 and Oxygen: +1.
- None of the given options match this configuration of formal charges.
Therefore, based on the available options and the calculations, there is no accurate option that matches the calculated formal charges for the given compound.
