Final answer:
Hydrogenation produces trans fatty acids as a by-product, affecting cholesterol levels negatively.
Explanation:
One by-product of hydrogenation is trans fatty acids. During hydrogenation, cis-C=C bonds in vegetable oils are converted to trans-C=C bonds, leading to the production of trans fatty acids, which are known to have negative impacts on health, such as increasing LDL cholesterol levels.
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