During the initiative versus guilt stage, preschool children can assert control through play and social interaction, developing self-confidence and purpose when supported. However, over-controlling caregivers can lead to feelings of guilt in children at this stage.
According to Erikson, during the stage of initiative versus guilt, children at preschool age (3-6 years) are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. Initiative, which involves a sense of ambition and responsibility, occurs when parents allow a child to explore within limits and support the child's choice, helping the child develop self-confidence and a sense of purpose. On the contrary, children who are unsuccessful at this stage, due to over-controlling caregivers stifling their initiative, may develop feelings of guilt.
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