Answer :
Final answer:
Ivan IV was the first Tsar of Russia known for his fearsome rule. Alexander I refused to surrender to Napoleon in 1812, leading to Napoleon's retreat.
Explanation:
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), the first Russian ruler to proclaim himself Tsar ('Caesar'), was known for his formidable and fearsome rule. In 1812, during the invasion of Napoleon, it was Alexander I, the Tsar at that time, who refused to surrender even after Moscow was captured and burned, leading to Napoleon's retreat.
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