To determine the factor most likely accounting for Nigeria's high population growth rate, let's analyze the available data for Nigeria and compare it with the demographic parameters of Russia and Brazil:
1. Population Growth Rate:
- Nigeria: 2.54%
- Brazil: 0.83%
- Russia: -0.02%
Nigeria has the highest population growth rate among the three countries listed.
2. Fertility Rate:
- Nigeria: 5.31
- Brazil: 1.81
- Russia: 1.61
Nigeria also has the highest fertility rate, which is significantly higher than both Brazil and Russia.
3. Life Expectancy:
- Nigeria: 52 years
- Brazil: 73 years
- Russia: 70 years
Nigeria has the lowest life expectancy compared to Brazil and Russia.
Given the options:
- Low fertility rate
- High fertility rate
- Low life-expectancy rate
- High life-expectancy rate
We need to identify which factor (among fertility rate and life expectancy) is most likely influencing Nigeria's high population growth rate. Here are the considerations:
- Fertility Rate: A high fertility rate means that, on average, a woman gives birth to many children, which can drive a high population growth rate. Nigeria's fertility rate of 5.31 is very high compared to Brazil's 1.81 and Russia's 1.61.
- Life Expectancy: Generally, higher life expectancy contributes to higher overall population. However, Nigeria has the lowest life expectancy among the three (52 years).
Since a significantly high fertility rate (5.31) is more prominent in Nigeria and directly contributes to a higher population growth rate, the most likely factor accounting for Nigeria's high population growth rate is the high fertility rate.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
High fertility rate
