Zero population growth occurs when birth rate equals death rate, impacted by replacement fertility rate and demographic trends.
Zero population growth (ZPG) occurs when the birth rate equals the death rate, leading to no net population increase. Achieving ZPG requires women to average only enough children to replace themselves and their partners in the population, known as the replacement fertility rate.
Factors influencing ZPG include lower fertility rates in industrial nations due to increased birth control, women choosing to stay in school longer, and delaying childbirth. Nations experiencing population declines face challenges such as a shrinking workforce and an aging population.
Pronatalist policies aim to encourage higher birth rates by providing incentives like child-care subsidies and flexible work schedules to address demographic challenges.
https://brainly.com/question/38041677