Final answer:
This answer explains the significance of various Supreme Court decisions on crime and sentencing, including rulings on juvenile executions and life imprisonment without parole.
Explanation:
Significance of Supreme Court Decisions on Crime and Sentencing:
- Atkins v. Virginia (2002): The Court ruled that the execution of intellectually disabled individuals violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishment.
- Roper v. Simmons (2005): The Court prohibited the execution of individuals who committed capital offenses when under the age of 18.
- Graham v. Florida (2010): The Court held that life imprisonment without parole for juveniles in non-homicide cases violates the Eighth Amendment.
- Miller v. Alabama (2012): The Court ruled that mandatory life imprisonment without parole for juvenile offenders is unconstitutional.
- Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016): The Court made its Miller decision retroactive, offering a chance of release for those sentenced as juveniles to life without parole.
- Jones v. Mississippi (2021): The Court's decision clarified that a court does not need to make a finding of permanent incorrigibility before sentencing a juvenile offender to life without parole.
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