Answer :
Certainly! Let's address each part of the question step-by-step:
### i. Which period of the modern periodic table is shown in the table?
The elements given in the table are Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), and Argon (Ar). These elements belong to the 3rd period of the modern periodic table. Therefore:
The period shown in the table is the 3rd period.
### ii. What happens to atomic size when moving from left to right in this period?
When moving from left to right across a period in the periodic table, the atomic number of the elements increases. This means that the number of protons in the nucleus increases, resulting in a greater nuclear charge that pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus. As a result, the atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period.
The atomic size decreases when moving from left to right in this period.
### iii. How does reactivity vary in metals and non-metals when moving from left to right in this period?
For Metals:
- Reactivity of metals typically decreases as we move from left to right across a period. This is because the ability to lose electrons (which is a characteristic of metal reactivity) decreases with increasing nuclear charge.
For Non-metals:
- Reactivity of non-metals generally increases as we move from left to right, up to group VIIA. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, and the increasing nuclear charge makes it easier for these elements to attract electrons.
In summary:
- Reactivity of metals decreases when moving from left to right.
- Reactivity of non-metals increases until group VIIA when moving from left to right.
### iv. Identify the most reactive metal, the most reactive non-metal, and the most reactive metalloid in this period.
Most Reactive Metal:
- Sodium (Na), which is in Group IA, is a highly reactive metal.
Most Reactive Non-Metal:
- Chlorine (Cl), which is in Group VIIA, is a highly reactive non-metal.
Most Reactive Metalloid:
- Silicon (Si) is the metalloid present in the third period, and represents the most reactive metalloid in this period (although metalloids typically show intermediate reactivity between metals and non-metals).
Hence, the most reactive elements in this period are:
- Most reactive metal: Na (Sodium)
- Most reactive non-metal: Cl (Chlorine)
- Most reactive metalloid: Si (Silicon)
By following these detailed steps, we have addressed all parts of the question comprehensively.
### i. Which period of the modern periodic table is shown in the table?
The elements given in the table are Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), and Argon (Ar). These elements belong to the 3rd period of the modern periodic table. Therefore:
The period shown in the table is the 3rd period.
### ii. What happens to atomic size when moving from left to right in this period?
When moving from left to right across a period in the periodic table, the atomic number of the elements increases. This means that the number of protons in the nucleus increases, resulting in a greater nuclear charge that pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus. As a result, the atomic size generally decreases from left to right across a period.
The atomic size decreases when moving from left to right in this period.
### iii. How does reactivity vary in metals and non-metals when moving from left to right in this period?
For Metals:
- Reactivity of metals typically decreases as we move from left to right across a period. This is because the ability to lose electrons (which is a characteristic of metal reactivity) decreases with increasing nuclear charge.
For Non-metals:
- Reactivity of non-metals generally increases as we move from left to right, up to group VIIA. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, and the increasing nuclear charge makes it easier for these elements to attract electrons.
In summary:
- Reactivity of metals decreases when moving from left to right.
- Reactivity of non-metals increases until group VIIA when moving from left to right.
### iv. Identify the most reactive metal, the most reactive non-metal, and the most reactive metalloid in this period.
Most Reactive Metal:
- Sodium (Na), which is in Group IA, is a highly reactive metal.
Most Reactive Non-Metal:
- Chlorine (Cl), which is in Group VIIA, is a highly reactive non-metal.
Most Reactive Metalloid:
- Silicon (Si) is the metalloid present in the third period, and represents the most reactive metalloid in this period (although metalloids typically show intermediate reactivity between metals and non-metals).
Hence, the most reactive elements in this period are:
- Most reactive metal: Na (Sodium)
- Most reactive non-metal: Cl (Chlorine)
- Most reactive metalloid: Si (Silicon)
By following these detailed steps, we have addressed all parts of the question comprehensively.
