Answered

Resolver las siguientes preguntas:

1. ¿Se puede establecer alguna relación entre la libertad y racionalidad? ¿Cuál?
2. ¿El incremento de conocimiento es un elemento importante en la adquisición de la autonomía de las personas? ¿Basta con él? Justifica.
3. ¿A qué se llama Ilustración?
4. Explique las características generales de la filosofía de la Ilustración.
5. ¿Por qué la Ilustración cambió el curso de la historia de los tiempos modernos y contemporáneos?
6. ¿Cómo te imaginas una sociedad sin poder político? ¿Qué plantea Montesquieu al respecto?
7. ¿Qué plantea Rousseau al hacer la distinción entre hombre natural y hombre social?
8. ¿Cuál es la base filosófica de la obra "El Contrato Social" de Rousseau?
9. ¿Cuáles son los aportes que hace Emmanuel Kant a la filosofía de la Ilustración?
10. ¿Hasta qué punto podemos afirmar que en conjunto la humanidad progresa a lo largo de la historia?

Bibliografía y Webgrafía:
- "El hombre y su pensamiento Nr. 2." Editorial Norma.
- "El mundo de Sofía" de Jostein Gaarder.
- "Filosofía II" de Luis E. Galindo, Editorial Santillana.
- "Historia de la filosofía" de Rosa Dávila de Pacini, Editorial Servigráfica.
- www.webdianola.com
- www.slideshare.net
- www.wikipedia.org



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

The Enlightenment emphasized reason, individual rights, and progress, influencing societal beliefs and governance. Philosophers like Rousseau and Kant contributed significant ideas to Enlightenment thinking, impacting concepts of freedom, autonomy, and societal progress.


Explanation:

  1. Freedom and Rationality Relationship: Freedom and rationality are interconnected in the Enlightenment era, where the emphasis on individual reasoning and autonomy led to the belief that freedom comes from rational thinking and understanding of natural rights.
  2. Increase of Knowledge and Autonomy: The acquisition of knowledge is vital for individuals to attain autonomy, but it's not sufficient on its own. Alongside knowledge, critical thinking, moral decision-making, and an understanding of one's rights are essential for true autonomy.
  3. The Enlightenment: The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18th century that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
  4. Characteristics of Enlightenment Philosophy: Characteristics include an emphasis on reason, skepticism of authority, belief in progress, individual rights, and the importance of education and knowledge.
  5. Enlightenment Impact on History: The Enlightenment changed the course of modern and contemporary history by promoting ideas of reason, individual rights, democratic governance, and scientific progress, challenging existing power structures, and fostering intellectual development.
  6. Society without Political Power: A society without political power imagines a state where political authority is decentralized, as proposed by Montesquieu's theory of the separation of powers to prevent despotism and protect individual liberties.
  7. Rousseau's Distinction: Rousseau distinguishes between the natural state of humans, where they are free and equal, and the social state, where societal constructs introduce inequality and limit freedom.
  8. Philosophical Basis of Rousseau's Social Contract: Rousseau's 'The Social Contract' is based on the idea that individuals collectively agree to abide by a general will for the common good, promoting freedom and equality.
  9. Kant's Contributions: Kant contributed to Enlightenment philosophy by advocating for individual autonomy, universal moral principles, and the importance of reason in guiding human actions and decisions.
  10. Human Progress Throughout History: The idea of human progress throughout history is complex and debatable, with arguments for advancements in science, technology, and human rights, but also setbacks in areas like inequality and environmental degradation.

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