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1. What is the shape and size of the heart?

2. Name the type of muscle that forms the heart walls. (2)

3. Look at the blood vessels branching over the surface of the heart.

3.1 Name these blood vessels. (1)

3.2 What is their function? (1)

4. Which has thicker walls: the atria or the ventricles?

4.1 Explain why there is a difference in the thickness of the walls. (3)

5. Look at the atria at the top and slightly behind the heart.

6. Look at the two large tubes or blood vessels coming out the top of the heart.



Answer :

GinnyAnswer

Final answer:

The heart's structure includes the myocardium and one-way valves. Different types of cells in the myocardium play distinct roles. Atria and ventricles have varying wall thicknesses due to their functions.


Explanation:

Structure of the Heart

The heart is primarily made of a thick muscle layer called the myocardium, surrounded by membranes, with one-way valves separating the four chambers. Blood vessels of the coronary system, including the coronary arteries and veins, oxygenate the heart muscles.

Types of Cells in Myocardium

There are two types of cardiac muscle cells in the myocardium: conducting cells and contractile cells. Conducting cells initiate and propagate action potentials, while contractile cells contract to pump blood through the body.

Atria vs. Ventricle Walls

The ventricles have thicker walls compared to the atria. This is because the ventricles need to generate the force required to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body, while the atria assist in filling the ventricles and require less force.


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