A research study on soft drink consumption effects is a positive statement in economics. Scarcity leads to tradeoffs, and individuals choose on the budget constraint for optimal utility.
A research study on the effects of soft drink consumption on children's cognitive development would be a positive statement in economics as it focuses on factual, objective analysis rather than subjective opinions.
Scarcity leads to tradeoffs because limited resources require individuals and societies to make decisions about how to allocate those resources among competing wants and needs.
Individuals make choices directly on the budget constraint to maximize their utility since any point inside the constraint would be suboptimal as it represents an underutilization of resources, while any point outside is unattainable given current constraints.
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