Final answer:
The central claim of an argumentative research essay is typically located in the introduction and is known as the thesis statement.
Explanation:
The central claim of an argumentative research essay is usually found in the introduction of the essay. It is known as the thesis statement, which presents the main argument or point of the essay. In subsequent paragraphs, the body paragraphs, the writer supports and elaborates on this central claim with evidence and analysis.
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