Answer the following questions:

a. Differentiate between vertebrates and invertebrates.

b. Write two main characteristics of the five classes of vertebrates, giving an example of each.

c. Name the breathing organs of the following animals:
i. Mammals
ii. Reptiles
iii. Aves
iv. Pisces

d. Draw and label the external structures of a fish and a bird.

The answer explains the differences between vertebrates and invertebrates, characteristics of vertebrate classes, breathing organs of various animals, and the external structures of a fish and a bird.

Explanation:

Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates: Vertebrates have a vertebral column, while invertebrates lack a backbone. Vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, whereas invertebrates encompass various phyla such as Arthropoda and Mollusca.

Main characteristics of vertebrates:

Fish: Cartilaginous fish have a skeleton made of cartilage, such as sharks. Ray-finned fish have bony rays in their fins, like trout.
Amphibians: They have moist skin for respiration, like frogs, and undergo metamorphosis.

Breathing organs:

Mammals: Lungs
Reptiles: Lungs
Aves: Air sacs and lungs
Pisces: Gills

External structures of a fish: Examples are gills and fins. External structures of a bird: For instance, wings, beak, and feathers.

Learn more about Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Comparative Anatomy here:

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