Odysseus doesn't recognize Ithaca due to changes in the landscape, Athene's intervention, and simple forgetfulness after a long absence.
Odysseus doesn't recognize Ithaca because A. He has been gone so long that the landscape has changed. After his long absence, the land has undergone transformations, making it unfamiliar to him. Additionally, B. Athene creates a mist around him, making all seem unfamiliar, further adding to his disorientation. Lastly, D. He has simply forgotten what his homeland looks like after such a long absence, contributing to his difficulty in recognizing Ithaca.
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