Which of the following best summarizes the effects of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans?

A. European treatment of Native Americans improved because the European settlers wanted trade partners.
B. Native American cultural life and health greatly improved due to European goods and practices.
C. The exchange introduced some useful European goods to the Americas, but European diseases devastated the population.
D. New medicines produced by the exchange boosted Native American immune systems.

The Columbian Exchange had devastating effects on Native Americans primarily due to European-borne diseases. Diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, for which Native Americans had no immunity, decimated their populations, leading to a significant decline in numbers.

While the exchange introduced some useful European goods to the Americas, the overall impact was catastrophic for Native Americans. The introduction of Old-World diseases caused unparalleled population disasters, wiping out a large percentage of indigenous peoples.

European settlers' arrival and the diseases they brought significantly reduced Native American populations, reshaped social structures, and changed traditional ways of life. The consequences of the Columbian Exchange were severe and long-lasting for Native American societies.

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