Final answer:
Telomeres are protective structures at chromosome ends that influence cell division and longevity through telomerase enzyme activity.
Explanation:
Telomeres are the structures at the ends of chromosomes composed of repeated sequences like TTAGGG. These telomeres play a crucial role in protecting essential genes during cell division, preventing DNA damage and maintaining chromosome stability.
Loss of sequence from telomeres leads to cell senescence, where cells lose the ability to divide, ultimately affecting longevity. The enzyme telomerase helps maintain telomere length, with implications for cellular immortality in germ cells and cancer.
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