Answer :
Final answer:
The process of administering a vaccine through a syringe involves filling the syringe with the medicine and injecting it into the body using pressure.
Explanation:
The process of administering a vaccine through a syringe involves several steps:
- Filling the syringe: The medicine is drawn into the syringe by retracting the plunger, creating a vacuum that pulls the liquid into the barrel.
- Injection: Once the syringe is filled with the medicine, the needle is inserted into the body and the plunger is pushed to inject the medicine into the bloodstream or muscle.
- Forces involved: During the injection, the force applied to the plunger creates pressure that propels the medicine out of the syringe and into the body.
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Answer:
Gather materials, hand hygiene, sterilize vial, attach blunt-tip needle, draw medication, hand hygiene again, clean area of skin, attach needle, deliver medication, properly dispose of sharps, apply bandage
Explanation:
Gather Materials
The first step is preparing which materials will be needed for the procedure. The volume to administer for measles vaccines is typically 0.5 mL so the healthcare worker (HCW) will need a 1 mL syringe to accurately measure this amount. A blunt-tip needle to plunge through the rubber stopper attached to the medication vial will also be needed. Measles vaccines are delivered intramuscularly (IM), usually in the deltoid muscle, so a 22-25 gauge, 1- or 1.5-inch needle will need to be retrieved to reach the muscle layer and quickly administer the medication. Two alcohol wipes are necessary; one for the vial, one for the patient's skin. Lastly, gloves for safety, a sharps container close by for proper disposal must be ensured, a cotton ball, and a bandage (e.g. BandAid). Of course, the MMR vaccine single-use vial itself must be retrieved as well.
Preparing Medication
After performing hand hygiene, the HCW now removes the 1 mL syringe from its packaging and, without touching on, near, or around the needle tip itself, attaches the blunt-tip needle's hub opening to the Luer lock at the end of the syringe's barrel. Pull back the plunger on the opposite side of the syringe until the plunger piston is at the 0.5 mL calibration mark with air. Then the HCW sets this aside, but not out of sight. Next, the HCW takes the cap off of the medication vial -- this is after ensuring the medication is intact, not previously used, and is not expired. Tear open one of the 70% isopropyl alcohol swabs and wipe the rubber stopper under this vial's plastic cap in a circular motion for 15-20 seconds to sterilize the stopper and ensure no bacteria will be pushed into the medication itself when the blunt tip is inserted.
After a sufficient amount of time, grab the 1 mL syringe by the barrel, insert the blunt tip through the rubber stopper and into the medication vial, push down on the plunger to push 0.5 mL of air into the vial, flip this vial-syringe apparatus upside, and fill the 1 mL syringe with 0.5 mL of fluid. Once filled to the 0.5 mL mark, pull the blunt tip needle out of the vial, pull the plunger back slightly and then push the plunger forward to remove the excess air.
Preparing to Administer
If the medication is prepared in front of the patient, performing hand hygiene once should suffice. If prepared in another room, hand hygiene must be done again to make sure germs that were on other surfaces (e.g. the door) are eliminated. The HCW dons clean gloves. Locate the greater tubercle of the patient's humerus bone and palpate 2-3 finger-breadths below it. This is the administration site. Tear open the second alcohol wipe and, in a circular motion, clean at and then around the administration site, widening with each completed circle, making sure not to contaminate wet areas. Clean for 20-30 seconds.
While the alcohol dries, ensuring to eliminate many of the bacteria present on the skin's surface, swap the blunt-tip needle with the 1- or 1.5-inch needle, discarding the blunt-tip needle in a nearby sharps container.
Administer Medication
Once the alcohol dries, the HCW grasps the needle in their dominant hand like they are holding a dart and pinches the muscle at the administration site. In one quick motion, flick the wrist to penetrate the needle into the administration site swiftly while still pinching the skin and push the plunger downward, delivering the contents within the barrel to the muscle.
Once the syringe is empty, the HCW releases the pinch and removes the needle from the muscle. This method of administration is calling the Z-track. The needle and syringe are immediately discarded with the dominant hand while the cotton ball is applied with pressure with the other to the needle mark, easily found if there is a drop of fresh blood on the surface of the patient's skin, in order to stop any residual bleeding.
After the needle is properly discarded, removed the cotton ball and place a bandage over the administration site.
Techniques involving the administration of medication should only be performed by healthcare workers and or those educated and trained under the supervision of healthcare workers.
