Final answer:
Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance, which is influenced by the movement of particles and the flow of heat per the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Explanation:
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
Second Law of Thermodynamics:
The Second Law states that heat flows from hot to cold objects, which is linked to the movement of particles influencing temperature.
Thermal energy is kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules, determining an object's temperature.
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