Answer:
Option B, antidiuretic hormone
Explanation:
As its name may suggest, antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is quite the opposite of a diuretic.
Diuretics are medications that influence the kidneys to produce more urine for excretion via voiding (i.e. urination, "peeing") typically in order to decrease fluid volume within the bloodstream thereby decreasing blood pressure in patients with hypertension and or alleviating edema in patients experiencing heart failure. Commonly, they are referred to by the lay term "water pill."
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that regulates the water content in the bloodstream by signaling the kidneys to retain water resulting in lower production of urine, increasing the fluid volume and blood pressure.
Alcohol acts as a diuretic by 1) suppressing ADH, which leads to increased production of urine, and 2) increasing fluid volume as these drinks and beverages are mostly water, which dilutes the blood leading the brain secrete less ADH.
Caffeine signals the kidneys stop reabsorbing sodium and water, increasing their elimination through voiding.
Of course, an osmotic diuretic is a type of diuretic, with the same mechanism of action described with caffeine.
The only answer choice that is not considered a diuretic is antidiuretic hormone, option B.
