Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney:

"The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them."

Which statement best describes the fallacy in this passage?

A. Justice Taney assumes that the writers of the Constitution would agree with him about citizenship.
B. Justice Taney uses the argument that Black people are not citizens to prove that they are not citizens.
C. Justice Taney assumes that the other justices on the court would agree with him about citizenship.
D. Justice Taney uses the argument that Dred Scott is an enslaved person to prove that he is not a citizen.

Question

02-08-2024
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Answered

Read the passage from the opinion of the court in Dred Scott v. Sandford, written by Justice Taney:

"The question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word 'citizens' in the Constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the United States. On the contrary, they were at that time considered as a subordinate and inferior class of beings, who had been subjugated by the dominant race, and, whether emancipated or not, yet remained subject to their authority, and had no rights or privileges but such as those who held the power and the Government might choose to grant them."

Which statement best describes the fallacy in this passage?

A. Justice Taney assumes that the writers of the Constitution would agree with him about citizenship.
B. Justice Taney uses the argument that Black people are not citizens to prove that they are not citizens.
C. Justice Taney assumes that the other justices on the court would agree with him about citizenship.
D. Justice Taney uses the argument that Dred Scott is an enslaved person to prove that he is not a citizen.

Answer :

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Final answer:

The fallacies in the passage from Justice Taney's opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford include circular reasoning and a logical fallacy in equating enslaved status with lack of citizenship.

Explanation:

Issues with Justice Taney's Passage in Dred Scott v. Sandford:

Justice Taney assumes that the writers of the Constitution would agree with him about citizenship: Taney's interpretation that Black people are not citizens was a personal assertion, not a universal truth accepted by the Constitution's drafters.
Justice Taney uses the argument that Black people are not citizens to prove that they are not citizens: Circular reasoning is employed by Taney, where the premise and conclusion are essentially the same.
Justice Taney uses the argument that Dred Scott is an enslaved person to prove that he is not a citizen: Taney conflates Scott's enslaved status with his lack of citizenship, which is a logical fallacy.

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