For Batteries 1, 2, and 3, write out the electrochemical cell in shorthand (e.g., see Eq. 3)
Part 1: Simple batteries and concentration effect on potential
Battery #1
Obtain one copper and one zinc electrode. Using these two electrodes and the appropriate salts, construct a battery in which all the solution species are at 0.10 M. You must figure out how to make the solutions involved (See Table 2 for common soluble salts). Voltmeters are provided. You will construct a salt bridge by soaking a strip of filter paper in 0.1 M KNO₃. It is important to sand the metal strips clean just prior to use as a dirty surface can seriously affect the cell performance. Do not sand the strips directly on the countertop as this may damage the countertop. Place a piece of cardboard or ceramic tile under the sample while sanding it. Once the battery is constructed, measure the cell potential and record this value in your notebook. Save the solutions for the other batteries
Battery #2
Use the same two metal strips used in Battery #1. From these two strips, construct a battery in which the anodic solution species concentration is 0.001 M and the cathodic solution species concentration is 0.10 M. Again, you must figure out how to make the solutions involved. Recall that MV = M.Va, and you can use your 0.10 M solution (from Battery #1) to make your 0.001 M solution. Prepare a new salt bridge; do not reuse one from another battery. Once the battery is constructed, measure the cell potential and record this value in your notebook
Battery #3
Use the same two metal strips used in Battery #1. From these two strips, construct a battery in which the anodic solution species concentration is 0.10 M and the cathodic solution species concentration is 0.001 M. Again, you must figure out how to make the solutions involved. Recall that MV = MV, and you can use your 0.10 M solution (from Battery #1) to make your 0.001 M solution. Prepare a new salt bridge; do not reuse one from another battery. Once the battery is constructed, measure the cell potential and record this value in your notebook.
