Part 2: Multiple Choice

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

The Enlightenment...took a new world view; it involved the reevaluation of all values, established a new order of thought, and transformed the standards of humanity. The leaders doubted the validity of old religious, ethical, and political systems, and turned from otherworldly and pessimistic ideas to a secular view of life and optimistic attitude toward the future.

Source: Fredrick B. Artz, The Enlightenment in France, 1968

1. The Enlightenment can be classified as a turning point in that it
1. Ended nationalist movements in Europe
2. Began the transition from absolutism to democracy
3. Created the claim to power of the Catholic Church
4. Concluded the Protestant Reformation

2. Which action taken by an 18th-century leader supports the ideas expressed in this passage?
1. Louis XVI's requirement that the clergy and nobility pay taxes
2. Robespierre's order that Marie Antoinette be executed
3. Napoleon's forceful seizure of power from the Directory
4. Catherine the Great's advancement of the education of women

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the headlines below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Headlines of the 18th Century

A. "Economic Uncertainty Grips Society"
B. "King Ignores Equal Representation For All"
C. "King Executed, Terror Begins"
D. "Tax System Seen As Unfair"

3. Which claim about the French Revolution is best supported by the information included in these headlines?
1. The revolution was unexpected as the Estates General met regularly.
2. King Louis XVI was killed because of his belief in consent of the governed.
3. The revolutionary spirit grew out of frustration with the Old Regime.
4. Nobility and clergy were the only victims of the Terror.

4. Which headline is most closely associated with the radical stage of the French Revolution?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D