Let's address each part of the question step-by-step:
### 3.1 After rubbing, what is the charge
a) of the jersey
When Themba rubs the balloon on his jersey, the balloon becomes positively charged. This happens because the balloon loses electrons to the jersey.
Since charges are conserved, if the balloon becomes positively charged (due to losing electrons), the jersey, which gained those electrons, becomes negatively charged. Therefore, the charge of the jersey is:
Answer: Negative
b) of the wall
The wall is initially neutral because it has an equal number of positive and negative charges. When the positively charged balloon is brought close to the wall, it induces a polarization in the wall's molecules. The electrons in the wall are attracted to the side of the wall closer to the balloon, leaving a positive charge on the far side. However, the wall itself remains overall neutral, only its surface near the balloon appears negatively charged due to the polarization.
Answer: Neutral
### 3.2 What type of forces is Themba experimenting on
When the balloon sticks to the wall, Themba is experimenting with electrostatic forces. These are the forces that occur between charged objects. The positively charged balloon induces a negative charge on the surface of the wall through polarization, resulting in an attractive force between them.
Answer: Electrostatic forces
### 3.3 Why did the balloon stick to the wall?
The balloon sticks to the wall due to the following reason:
When the positively charged balloon is brought close to the neutral wall, it causes a slight movement of electrons in the wall. Electrons in the wall are attracted to the positive charge on the balloon, causing a negative charge to be induced on the surface of the wall that is closest to the balloon. This induced negative charge on the wall's surface attracts the positively charged balloon, causing it to stick to the wall.
Answer:
When the positively charged balloon is brought close to the neutral wall, it causes a slight movement of electrons in the wall, leading to an induced negative charge on the side of the wall that is close to the balloon. This causes the balloon to stick to the wall due to electrostatic attraction.
By addressing each sub-question methodically, we can understand the underlying principles of electrostatics at play in this scenario.
