Answer :
Final answer:
The six rights of medication administration are crucial for patient safety and accurate medication administration, along with considerations for dosage and route of administration.
Explanation:
The six rights of medication administration are:
- The right patient
- The right medication
- The right dose
- The right route
- The right time
- The right documentation
These rights are essential to ensure patient safety and accurate medication administration.
Dosage and route of administration play a crucial role in determining the correct amount of medication given to achieve therapeutic levels while minimizing side effects.
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Answer:
Option D. The right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation
Explanation:
Right Patient
The first right of medication administration is ensuring the right patient will be receiving the medication. This is done using at least two unique identifiers such as the patient's full name, date of birth, and the wristband with an identification number. Two unique identifiers are utilized because many patients have common first and last names, also nurses may have more than one patient they are taking care of, and they do not want to accidentally administer it to the wrong person for either reason.
Right Medication
The next right of medication administration is the right medication, a principle that means whatever medication is being administered is a treatment aligning with the patient's current condition or anticipated ailments. For example, if a patient reports nausea and vomiting, it would make sense for them to be prescribed antiemetic ondansetron (brand name Zofran) or promethazine (brand name Phenergan); but it may be questionable if they are prescribed ipecac syrup, a drug used to induce vomiting.
Right Dose
The third right of medication administration is the right dose. As the known adage goes "the dose makes the poison," meaning at certain quantities, a helpful medication can become harmful. For example, ibuprofen (brand name Advil, Motrin) has a maximum daily dose of 3200 mg, after which increased risk for liver damage, kidney damage, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding can occur.
Nurses must also review the dosage to ensure the quantity of medication is sufficient, as too little medication may not effectively treat the patient's condition. For example, patients undergoing a colonoscopy procedure are administered midazolam (brand name Versed) and fentanyl for sedation; the patient may not be effectively consciously sedated if these doses are too low.
Right Route
Following the right dose is ensuring the right route. Some medications come in several forms, each with their own reasoning for utilizing that specific method. Further, some medication forms look like one another. For instance, some suppository medications to be administered rectally (rect) look similar to pills and capsules meant to be administered orally (PO); some liquid forms could be mistaken for intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID), or subcutaneous (subcut, subq) drugs. Hence, the nurse should review the route of administration for each medication prior to giving them to the patient, lest they increase the risk of committing a medication error.
Right Time
The next right of medication administration is the right time, which could mean time of day or refer to the frequency. Some medications are administered once daily (qd), or every 8 hours (q8h), or every morning (qAM), or before meals and bedtime (ACHS), or as needed (PRN), etc. A provider may even order a one-time dose of a drug at a specific time of day. Because of this, the nurse should review if it is the right time to administer the medication.
Right Documentation
The last right of medication administration is the right documentation. Following the first five rights and after administering the medication, the nurse must ensure that they document when it was given, where it was given, potentially why it was given, and how much was given. This could be as simple as scanning a barcode in a hospital setting or physically writing the information with a pen and signature on paper. The right documentation ensures that the patient is receiving their medications correctly while avoiding potential overdose. This also may entail the nurse is performing a reassessment of the patient following administration to ensure the medication is effective or determine a switch is necessary -- both must be documented with how the nurse arrived at such a conclusion (e.g. patient administered 600 mg ibuprofen PO, pain severity decreased from score of 4 to score 1).
Option D best describes the six rights.
