To determine the correct term that describes the amount of brightness and energy a star radiates in one second, we need to understand a few astronomical concepts. The possible answers are:
1. Absolute Temperature: This refers to the temperature of an object on an absolute scale (like Kelvin). It does not describe brightness or energy radiation directly.
2. Absolute Magnitude: This is a measure of the intrinsic brightness of a celestial object, such as a star. It defines how much light a star emits as compared to other stars if all stars were placed at a standard distance (10 parsecs) from Earth. Therefore, it takes into account the energy radiated per second.
3. Absolute Radius: This would refer to the actual size or radius of the star. It's not directly involved in describing brightness or energy output in the terms described in the question.
4. Solar Mass: This is a unit of mass equivalent to the mass of the Sun, used to express masses of other stars or galaxies. It does not describe brightness or energy either.
Given these definitions, the term that correctly describes both the brightness and energy a star radiates in one second is the absolute magnitude.
Thus, the correct answer is 2 (absolute magnitude).
