Final answer:
Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II led the Persians to conquer regions including Egypt and Mesopotamia, initiating conflicts with the Greeks. The Persian Empire expanded under Cyrus and Cambyses, incorporating various territories into its control.
Explanation:
Cyrus the Great led the Persians to overthrow the Median dynasty and defeat the Neo-Babylonians, expanding Persia's control over Egypt. His successor, Cambyses II, continued the conquests westward, incorporating rich Phoenician cities and Egypt into the Persian Empire.
This Persian expansion led to conflicts with the Greeks, resulting in the Greco-Persian Wars, with significant events like the Ionian Revolt against Persian rule.
By conquering Babylon in 539 BCE, Cyrus incorporated Mesopotamia into the Persian Empire, marking a significant shift in power in the Near East.
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