Islam spread in Medieval Africa through trade routes and cultural blending.
The spread of Islam in Medieval Africa was primarily facilitated by trade routes and migration. Berber traders crossing the Sahara Desert introduced Islam to Western Sudanic states, and over time, it reached West African trading towns like Gao. Ruling elites in sub-Saharan Africa began to adopt Islam due to its economic importance and eventually blended it with their traditional beliefs. This blend of cultures led to the growth of Islamic influence on the African continent.
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