Non-disjunction in meiosis can lead to genetic disorders, with Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome being examples caused by abnormalities in sex chromosomes.
Non-disjunction is the failure of replicated chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, resulting in gametes with missing or extra chromosomes. This can lead to serious genetic disorders if such gametes form zygotes that survive. Most chromosomal disorders involve the X chromosome, as the X and Y chromosomes have different sizes, making nondisjunction of sex chromosomes more common.
Two genetic disorders caused by non-disjunction of sex chromosomes are Turner syndrome (monosomy X) and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Turner syndrome occurs in females and involves the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome, while Klinefelter syndrome occurs in males and involves the presence of one or more extra X chromosomes.
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