Normal faults involve hanging wall moving down, reverse faults have hanging wall moving up, and thrust faults involve allochthonous and autochthonous blocks.
Normal faults occur when the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall due to tensional stress. An example of a location with normal faulting is the Teton Mountains in North America.
Reverse faults happen when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall due to compression. Thrust faults are a type of reverse fault with a gentle dip angle of less than 30°.
For thrust faults, the block that moves is called the allochthonous block that is thrust over the autochthonous block.
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