Final answer:
COPD is directly related to smoking as tobacco smoking is the major cause of this progressive lung disease, leading to conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is directly related to smoking. Tobacco smoking is the major cause of COPD, with other factors such as air pollution and genetics playing smaller roles. Smoking inflames the lungs' lining, causing permanent damage that leads to COPD, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis (NIH Senior Health, 2013).
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