Societies are classified by their modes of subsistence including foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture.
Anthropologists classify societies based on their modes of subsistence, including foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture. Foraging involves hunting and gathering wild resources, pastoralism relies on herding animals, horticulture entails gardening, and agriculture involves intensive farming methods.
In hunter-gatherer societies, the primary subsistence is wild plants and animals, while agrarian societies rely on crop cultivation. Industrial societies focus on mechanized production, and post-industrial societies shift towards service-oriented work.
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