Answer :
Final answer:
Conditional probability is the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred, showcased in the provided statement.
Explanation:
Conditional probability is defined as the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. In this case, the statement 'the probability of a randomly-selected person having brown hair is 80% if it is a woman' describes a conditional probability because it is dependent on the gender of the person.
For example, if we define the events as follows: B = person has brown hair, W = person is a woman, the probability of a woman having brown hair can be written as P(B|W) = 0.80. This represents a situation where the probability of having brown hair is considered in the context of being a woman.
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