Conditional probability is the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred, showcased in the provided statement.
Conditional probability is defined as the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. In this case, the statement 'the probability of a randomly-selected person having brown hair is 80% if it is a woman' describes a conditional probability because it is dependent on the gender of the person.
For example, if we define the events as follows: B = person has brown hair, W = person is a woman, the probability of a woman having brown hair can be written as P(B|W) = 0.80. This represents a situation where the probability of having brown hair is considered in the context of being a woman.
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