To determine which element has a boiling point most and least similar to the boiling point of indium, we need to compare the boiling points of the elements provided against the boiling point of indium.
Here's the boiling point data for the elements:
- Indium: 2072°C
- Oxygen: -183°C
- Sodium: 883°C
- Rubidium: 688°C
- Aluminum: 2519°C
We will calculate the absolute differences between the boiling point of indium and the boiling points of the other elements.
Step-by-step solution:
1. Calculate the absolute differences:
- For Oxygen:
[tex]\( |2072 - (-183)| = 2072 + 183 = 2255 \)[/tex]°C
- For Sodium:
[tex]\( |2072 - 883| = 2072 - 883 = 1189 \)[/tex]°C
- For Rubidium:
[tex]\( |2072 - 688| = 2072 - 688 = 1384 \)[/tex]°C
- For Aluminum:
[tex]\( |2072 - 2519| = 2519 - 2072 = 447 \)[/tex]°C
2. Determine the element with the most similar boiling point:
The most similar boiling point would be the one with the smallest absolute difference from indium's boiling point.
- Differences: Oxygen (2255), Sodium (1189), Rubidium (1384), Aluminum (447)
The smallest difference is for Aluminum with a difference of 447°C.
3. Determine the element with the least similar boiling point:
The least similar boiling point would be the one with the largest absolute difference from indium's boiling point.
- Differences: Oxygen (2255), Sodium (1189), Rubidium (1384), Aluminum (447)
The largest difference is for Oxygen with a difference of 2255°C.
Summary:
- The element with the boiling point most similar to indium (2072°C) is Aluminum (2519°C).
- The element with the boiling point least similar to indium (2072°C) is Oxygen (-183°C).
This is represented in the table as:
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|c|}
\cline { 2 - 5 } \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & oxygen & sodium & rubidium & aluminum \\
\hline most similar to indium & & & & [tex]$\bigcirc$[/tex] \\
\hline least similar to indium & [tex]$\bigcirc$[/tex] & & & \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
