Naloxone reverses opioid overdose effects such as hydromorphone by displacing opioids from receptors.
Naloxone (Narcan) would reverse the effects of opioid overdose. For example, it can counteract the effects of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) by displacing the opioids from the receptors, allowing the patient to recover from an overdose.
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Answer:
Option B, hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Explanation:
Naloxone (brand name Narcan) is an opioid reversal medication administered to patients suspected of experiencing an opioid overdose, prescription or recreational/illicit. It works by competitively binding to the same opioid receptors the drugs attach to, thereby blocking them from exerting their effects on the central nervous system (CNS). In binding to the opioid receptors, however, naloxone does not produce CNS effects, such as decreasing respiratory drive. This allows for the patient's heart and respiratory rates to increase back to normal, permitting the patient to acutely withdraw from the opioids and regain consciousness.
Naloxone, however, is not effective in the reversal of non-opioid overdoses. In the case of benzodiazepine medications (e.g. diazepam/Valium, temazepam/Restoril), overdose is reversed using flumazenil. For barbiturate medications (e.g. phenobarbital/Luminal), there is currently no reversal agent, instead utilizing activated charcoal to promote emesis.
Because hydromorphone (brand name Dilaudid) is the only opioid of the given answer set, option B is the correct choice.