The Earth's axis defines important geographic points like the Poles and Equator, and parallels and meridians have distinct characteristics.
Earth's axis defines North and South Poles, and the Equator. North, South, East, and West directions are well-defined, except at the Poles. Parallels and meridians converge towards the center of maps. Meridians are arcs of circles at the equator and straight lines at the poles.
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