The refractory period in neurons is a crucial phase after an action potential, involving inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels. The relative refractory period requires a stronger stimulus for firing another action potential, and repolarization is vital for restoring the neuron's resting state.
The refractory period is the time after an action potential when it is difficult or impossible for another action potential to be fired. This period is caused by the inactivation of sodium channels and the activation of additional potassium channels on the cell membrane.
The relative refractory period is a segment within the refractory period where a new action potential can only be initiated by a stronger stimulus than usual, due to the presence of open voltage-gated potassium channels. During this time, the neuron is hyperpolarized, requiring a stronger stimulus to reach the threshold for firing another action potential.
Repolarization is the process during which the membrane potential returns to its resting state by closing voltage-gated sodium channels and allowing potassium channels to continue conducting. This restoration of the resting state is essential for the neuron to be able to generate another action potential.
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