Final answer:
Lymph fluid is propelled through lymph vessels by muscle contractions and valves, as the lymphatic system lacks a central pump.
Explanation:
Lymph fluid is pushed forward through the lymph vessels by a combination of mechanisms.
Muscle contractions play a significant role in propelling lymph fluid upwards, while valves within the lymphatic vessels prevent backward flow.
Unlike the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic system lacks a central pump, so lymph circulation relies on peristalsis of lymphatic vessels and the rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscles surrounding the vessels.
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