Confirmation bias, filter bubbles, and media echo chambers create closed communication systems reinforcing individual beliefs, leading to polarization and vulnerability to misinformation.
Confirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs, while filter bubbles and media echo chambers are closed communication systems that reinforce individual beliefs by limiting exposure to diverse opinions and information. These phenomena lead to the polarization of views and vulnerability to misinformation, especially in online environments.
https://brainly.com/question/42803451