Alliteration involves sound repetition, allusion refers to external references, and metaphor highlights resemblance between two things.
Alliteration: the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of words, as in 'he clasps the crag with crooked hands.'
Allusion: a reference in a poem to a historical or literary character, event, idea, or place outside the piece of writing.
Metaphor: A figure of speech that establishes a relationship of resemblance between two ideas or things by equating or replacing one with the other.
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